Poes Use Of Lead Characters Essays - Edgar Allan Poe, The Black Cat

Poe's Use Of Lead Characters It is very easy to associate Edgar Allen Poe with thoughts of dreariness and darkness and with good reason as much of his writing does reflect those very downcast moods. Although, authors do like to sometimes break their stereotypes and produce things entirely different from their usual and Poe is no exception. This can be easily observed by comparing the use of his lead characters in the stories ?The Black Cat?, ?Hop-Frog? and ?The Purloined Letter.? Each character is in a different situation and the reader has a different reaction to each one according to their actions. The narrator in ?The Black Cat? is the kind of character one likely comes into contact with most in Poe's works. He is a man who is mad and in his madness commits terrible sins that can only seem justified in their own insane reasoning. He very much denies his madness from the very beginning of the story when he comes right out and says ?My very senses reject their own evidence. Yet, mad I am not.? He makes all the excuses he can come up with for his actions, but they do little more than prove his insanity to the reader. After he viciously gouges out the eye of a cat he is convinced he loves, he admits that his soul is untouched by the guilt he should be overcome with after such an offensive crime. He says ?I experienced a sentiment half of horror, half of remorse, for the crime which I had been guilty; but it was a feeble and equivocal feeling, and the soul remained untouched.? He feels himself overcome with a feeling of perverseness and cannot keep himself from doing things for no other reason than he knows they are wrong. He is not a good man, throughout the story he does multiple evil things without remorse. Hop-Frog, on the other hand, starts off his story as the underdog. ?His value was trebled in the eyes of the king, by the fact of his being also a dwarf and a cripple.? It seems he has everything against him. His sole purpose to the king's court is to be laughed at. He is not treated as though a person, but merely an object for the king's amusement and therefore he is shown respect and pity from absolutely no one excepting his only friend and fellow dwarf Trippetta whom had been captured from the same country as himself. In addition to the constant emotional torture he receives from those around him, he is in constant physical pain whenever he walks, thus the basis of his nickname ?Hop-Frog, through the distortion of his legs, could only move with great pain and difficulty along a road or floor.? Poe uses the first half or so of the story to evoke pity from the reader for Hop-Frog's sad and pathetic position and making him the protagonist and the king and his ministers the antagonist s. Although Hop-Frog does do a terrible and gruesome and terrible thing by tricking the king and his ministers and burning them alive, one finds it hard to hate him for it in light of the actions that had provoked it. In this way he is different from the narrator in our first story as they both committed great evils, but where one the reader hates for his actions the other they are better able to relate to and appreciate the justice that results. Instead of feeling pity for the victims, one finds themselves happy that Hop-Frog and Trippetta are able to get their revenge and leave the place they so hated. Hop-Frog is a good character who does to evil things but with justification. Monsieur Dupin in ?The Purloined Letter? is very much unlike either of the aforementioned characters. This story is very different to the others addressed because there are no gruesome acts of evil, no one dies and no one is subjected to painful torture. It is somewhat uncharacteristic of what one may have come to expect from Poe. Monsieur Dupin's actions are in no way evil but instead well thought out actions of wit and intelligence. He demonstrates his unconventional ways of thinking in solving the crime

Reasonable Use Of The Unreasonable

Summary and Analysis: The â€Å"Prodigal Son† paralleled to O’Connors â€Å"Reasonable Use of the Unreasonable† The â€Å"Prodigal Son†, can be paralleled to Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Reasonable use of the Unreasonable,† because of the communal use of exaggeration to shock a secular culture into hearing and comprehending Christian ideas and beliefs. In both of these stories exaggeration is used in a nearly grotesque manner to stress important religious principles. Although the circumstances observed are clearly unreasonable, reasonableness becomes apparent when analyzed on the Divine level. The â€Å"Prodigal Son† is a story of two brothers who are given money by their father, who on an allegorical level can be represented as God. The younger son, representative of publicans and sinners, moves away and squanders his inheritance. He uses it for immoral purposes and eventually finds himself in despair. At nadir, he is forced to eat with swine. This is particularly immoral, and contradicts Christian beliefs. The elder son, who can be seen as a representation for pharmacies and scribes, stays by his father’s side. He tends to the land and acts as a responsible human being. He is nothing but loyal and obedient to his father’s will. When the younger son reaches the depths of despair, he decides to return home and beg his father’s forgiveness. Upon returning, his father â€Å"fell on his neck and kissed him.† The father ordered servants to â€Å"bring forth the best robe, and put it on him, and put a ring on him†¦and let (them) eat.† The elder son was completely flabbergasted by this response. He found it unfair that the younger son was being treated as though he had done no wrong. On a literal level, this parable can be seen as completely irrational. The actions of the father are extreme and exaggerated. It is ridiculous for a careless and irresponsible person, such as the younger son, to return to a ceremonial r... Reasonable Use Of The Unreasonable Free Essays on Prodigal Son/ Reasonable Use Of The Unreasonable Summary and Analysis: The â€Å"Prodigal Son† paralleled to O’Connors â€Å"Reasonable Use of the Unreasonable† The â€Å"Prodigal Son†, can be paralleled to Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Reasonable use of the Unreasonable,† because of the communal use of exaggeration to shock a secular culture into hearing and comprehending Christian ideas and beliefs. In both of these stories exaggeration is used in a nearly grotesque manner to stress important religious principles. Although the circumstances observed are clearly unreasonable, reasonableness becomes apparent when analyzed on the Divine level. The â€Å"Prodigal Son† is a story of two brothers who are given money by their father, who on an allegorical level can be represented as God. The younger son, representative of publicans and sinners, moves away and squanders his inheritance. He uses it for immoral purposes and eventually finds himself in despair. At nadir, he is forced to eat with swine. This is particularly immoral, and contradicts Christian beliefs. The elder son, who can be seen as a representation for pharmacies and scribes, stays by his father’s side. He tends to the land and acts as a responsible human being. He is nothing but loyal and obedient to his father’s will. When the younger son reaches the depths of despair, he decides to return home and beg his father’s forgiveness. Upon returning, his father â€Å"fell on his neck and kissed him.† The father ordered servants to â€Å"bring forth the best robe, and put it on him, and put a ring on him†¦and let (them) eat.† The elder son was completely flabbergasted by this response. He found it unfair that the younger son was being treated as though he had done no wrong. On a literal level, this parable can be seen as completely irrational. The actions of the father are extreme and exaggerated. It is ridiculous for a careless and irresponsible person, such as the younger son, to return to a ceremonial r...

Compare and Contrast two Poet Laureate from U.S. and England Research Paper

Compare and Contrast two Poet Laureate from U.S. and England - Research Paper Example Analyzing the reasons for the admiration and desirable positions of the poets, many are of the view it is a God given talent which is unfeasible for an ordinary one to attain. If such a one attempts poetry, it will turn absurd and cannot be treated as readable. The great epics like Iliad and Odyssey, written in poetic language undoubtedly unveil enchanting power of poetry. If one goes little further, one can see that the plays of Shakespeare still bewitch readers and audience with their tremendous poetic language. Therefore, one is obvious about the decisive role of poetry in influencing the majority and the appreciated positions of poets. Poet Laureate has been one such means to honor the great poets. It is an official position conferred to the respectable or the well talented poets for a particular period of time. The proposed paper aims to study the title ‘Poet Laureate,’ identifying the popular poet laureates of the past centuries and attempting a comparative study b etween Poet Laureates from two different countries, specifically, England and The United States and make comparisons or contrasts, about them. Origin of the word ‘laureate’ It would be interesting for one to analyze the history of Poet Laureate before attempting a grave ‘study on this topic. Researchers have identified the word ‘laureate has some historical importance. ... term â€Å"laureate† comes from the use of bay laurel leaves in ancient Greece to create wreaths or crowns for heroes and the victors in athletic and literary competitions† (Holman and Snyder). Thus, it is evident that the victor was given the wreath of laurel leaves and the word ‘laureate’ began to be used in the sense of ‘victorious.’ Therefore, one can infer that ‘Poet Laureate’ became the title given to the most successful poet during a particular time period. Bob Holman and Margery Snyder observe, â€Å"In the Middle Ages, â€Å"Poet laureate† came to mean the poet chosen to serve a king or other noble patron by writing poems honoring the monarch and the state embodied in that monarch† (Holman and Snyder). The History of the tradition of the Poet Laureate The history of the English poet laureate dates back to the 12th century and the English Royal House of Plantagenet (The poet laureate). History identifies that t he poets during that time were known as ‘versifiers’ and were privileged by the kings and awarded fees and pensions. Regarding the English tradition it is identifiable that the English Royal houses continued their patronage for centuries and later the Tudors and Stuarts followed it. The online article entitled, â€Å"Poet Laureate† traces the history of poet laureate when writes thus, â€Å"The position of Poet Laureate was informally created by Charles I for Ben Jonson in 1617, however, the title did not become an official royal office until it was conferred by letters patent on John Dryden in 1670† (The poet laureate). The article adds, â€Å"The position became the Poet Laureate of Great Britain in 1707, when The Act of Union created "Great Britain" as the political name of England, Scotland, and Wales.† Some of the historical evidences

Bribery at Siemens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bribery at Siemens - Essay Example Bribery is definitely an unethical and illegal practice. Bribery cannot be considered as a cost of business just to get contracts for the company or securing their financial position in any international state or country. The reasons given by the employees when they were accused with the bribery scandal was mainly focusing on one aspect. They said they did it for the benefit of the company, so that the organization could get good business and be stable in all their different business units. The employees said in their defense that the bribery was asked to them by the employees of Enel if they wanted the contract for their company, Siemens. The employees of Siemens also defended their case by saying that the practice of bribery was common to get the contracts for the company on an international level. In late 2006, Siemens had faced another scandal of bribery in the telecommunication department which was bribing foreign officials for securing of contracts. Accusations were also made by IG Metall Company to Siemens for bribing their unions. Many other countries like US, Italy, Greece and Switzerland has accused Siemens for having misconduct while doing their foreign business. Siemens had practiced bribery so that they could win the contracts in the international market and become a strong player in their respective field. This is an unethical practice but it has been observed that for multinational organizations, the concept of bribery is considered a norm. Siemens has also been charged for bribing the employee representatives of different organizations so that they can get their work done easily. The former Siemen managers were also convicted of bribing the foreign officials for getting the business contracts for their organization. The main worrying aspect is that the practicing of bribery may be spread along many levels of management and to get to the

How using Microsoft Excel helped you with this process Essay

How using Microsoft Excel helped you with this process - Essay Example With this, we can easily find the name of the customer, the amount, the invoice number or the receipt number that corresponds to the amount that will be disbursed. Moreover, if the firm wishes to maintain a minimum cash balance, it can easily be controlled with the help of Excel. It is for the reason that with Excel, the amounts are already shown and the formula can always be fixed. So with just a simple click and simple encoding of amounts, you do not have to worry about the accuracy of the balances anymore. Next to disbursements is the cash receipt. Likewise, it also forms part of the financial statements and it is a vital operation in the company. A firm cannot just disburse cash without getting something to replace it with. And this is where the receipts enter. Cash disbursements and cash receipts are the two important factors that make up the budgetary system. And without the balance for the both, the firm could face a huge problem. And the use of Excel in maintaining the cash receipts record is a good way to avoid this problem. The cash being received by the firm can be entered initially on the Excel and as time passes by, the firm need not to worry about the total amount that they have received during say, a month or a week. The Excel can do that on its own. And it is really helpful especially to the bigger firms. Likewise, the ability to maintain a systematic record and to find the needed file is another advantage of using the Excel in formulating accounting records. The very essence of preparing a financial statement is to show how the firm is operating – whether it operates very well or not. And so the check and balance scenario is commonly used in preparing the financial statements. Figures are needed to be balanced in order to finalize the financial statements. Excel can also be a tool in achieving this scenario. Mittal (2010) stated that the financial statements are collectively presented

The Conventional System And Industrialized Building System Construction Essay

The Conventional System And Industrialized Building System Construction Essay The Malaysian construction industry is undergoing a transitional change from an industry employing conventional technologies to a more systematic and mechanized system employing the latest computer and communication technologies. This is vital for the future health of the industry, given the trend towards global competition and the advent of the k-economy. The Industrialized Building System (IBS) has been introduced in Malaysia since the 60s by the use of precast concrete beam-column elements. Since the demand of building construction has increased rapidly, it is necessary to innovate a construction method, which speeds up the building construction process. Abdullah et ad. [1] has listed the various types of building systems currently available in Malaysia. Few definitions of industrialized building system are also given by various authors [2]. To sum-up, in general, the IBS is a methodology whereby a local construction industry is driven towards the adoption of an integrated and encouraging key players in the construction industry to produce and utilize pre-fabricated and mass production of the building at their work sites. This will help to enhance the efficiency of construction process, allowing a higher productivity, quality, time and cost saving. The construction cost of a building using precast components should be assessed in its overall context. The traditional method of costing by material quantities with a fixed factor for labor cost can lead to incorrect estimation. For example, if labor usage is halved, this will more than compensate for a 10% material increase. More importantly, there is saving in time. Also, if properly designed and executed, precast can lead to much better quality of work. The overall cost impact of precast has therefore to take all these factors into consideration. With the rising costs of labor and less assurance of dependable skilled manpower, the trend is that precast construction will become increasingly competitive compared to cast-in-place construction [3]. Classification of Industrialized Building System Industrialization: The Oxford English Dictionary (1991) defines industrialization as the process of industrializing or fact of being industrialized; also, the conversion of an organization into an industry. However, industrialization in this study means industrial methods employed, referring to especially, prefabrication, mechanization and standardization. The meaning of prefabricated, according to the same dictionary, is, to manufacture, sections of building or similar structure, in a factory or yard prior to their assembly on a site. However, prefabrication in this study is the assembly of buildings or their components at a location other than the building site. The types of construction methods range from a conventional construction method to fully prefabricated construction method. Generally, the construction methods are classified here into four categories: * Conventional construction method * Cast-in-situ * Composite method * Fully pre-fabricated method. Conventional Construction Method: Conventional building method is defined as components of the building that are pre-fabricated on site through the processes or timber or plywood formwork installation, steel reinforcement and cast in-situ. Conventional building are, mostly built of reinforced concrete frames [4]. The traditional construction method uses wooden formwork. It is much more costly for construction, which includes labor, raw material, transportation and low speed of construction time [5]. Cast-in-situ Construction Method: This system is suitable for a country where unskilled labor is limited. There is no heavy machinery or high technology involved. The system is technically applicable to almost all types of building. Formwork is used as a mould, where wet concrete, is poured into a temporary system. The temporary system also acts as a temporary support for the structures. The objective of in-situ method is to eliminate and to reduce the traditional site based trades like traditional timber formwork, brickwork, plastering and to reduce labor content. A carefully planned in-situ work can maximize the productivity, speed and accuracy of prefabricated construction. Cast in-situ method uses lightweight prefabricated formwork made of steel/fiberglass/aluminum that is easily erected and dismantled. The steel reinforcement is placed within the formwork as they are being erected and concrete is poured into the mould. When the concrete is set according to the required strength the mould are dismantled. The workers can be trained easily to erect the moulds and set the steel reinforcement. Its advantages over the traditional construction method are, its low skill requirement, can be quickly constructed, maintenance is low, structure is durable and cost can be less [5]. Composite Construction Method: The objectives of composite construction method (partially prefabricated) are to improve quality, reduce cost and shorten construction time. The concept of partial industrialized is derived from the composite nature of full industrialization and is used to describe a manufacturing or production strategy that selectively uses some industrializing aspects, while avoiding or postponing the use of others. The prefabricated construction method is combined in such a manner the features applied could be prominently demonstrated especially composing various work such as temporary facilities, building frames, building finishes and equipments [5]. Fully Prefabricated Construction Method: In this method of construction, all elements that can be standardized are prefabricated in the factory. Normally, this method would involve the assembly of precast elements such as floor slabs, in filled walls, bathrooms, staircases, etc. into place for incorporation into the main unit, columns and beams. This method of construction has reduced the amount of site labor involved in building operations and increased the productivity of the industry. Precast building systems can reduce the duration of a project if certain conditions are met [6]. The last three construction methods are considered nonconventional construction methods. These types of construction are specifically aimed to increase productivity and quality of work through the use of better construction machinery, equipment, technology and materials. The main important point to consider here is the particular construction method most suitable for a particular project [7]. Method of Cost Comparison in Construction Industry: During the past decade a large number of such studies has been carried out and published. In the existing studies three principal approaches for comparing costs of building projects among countries can be distinguished [8-11]: * Comparison of standardized identical buildings * Comparison of standard buildings with local modifications * Comparison of functionally similar buildings Comparison of Standardized Identical Buildings: With the first method exactly the same buildings work is priced on the basis of the same drawings and specifications. This is possible only in theory, largely as a result of national (or even regional) differences which exist in architecture, standards, availability of products, etc. The building and the costs will be comparable, but they are not necessarily representative. Comparison of Standard Buildings with Local Modifications: Better representivity can be achieved when modifications for local circumstances, like building codes, standards, specification levels, are taken into account. Comparison of Functionally Similar Buildings: With the third approach, typical, functionally similar buildings are compared: this means building types, which are representative. Not only locally divergent circumstances and quality-levels are taken into account, but also various performance and aesthetic criteria, which reflect typical client requirements or tenant expectations for a building in that sector. The buildings and the costs are representative, but not necessarily comparable. Arguably apples are being compared with oranges [12]. A meaningful comparison must take into account all relevant (time-dependant and quantity-dependant) cost components, classified as follows [13]: * Labour; Direct Indirect * Materials * Investment * General expenses (site and plant) * Transportation (for system construction only) * Overhead As for this study the method of cost comparison used is standardised identical buildings and functionally similar buildings while the unit is cost per gross floor area. Research Methodology: Data was collected by using mail questionnaire. To strengthen the finding of the survey and to assist in providing the information about building cost comparison study, a case study was also conducted. However the major approach was using questionnaire, considering such factors on sample size, time, cost and efforts. Questionnaire method was chosen as the appropriate approach for this study. Questionnaire can reach a large number of respondents in different locations of the country at a relatively lower cost, shorter time and less effort as compared to other data collection methods. The questionnaires were sent to the general manager, project manager, technical executive, managing director and project director. The questionnaires were mailed to the respondents, accompanied by a covering letter, self addressed and stamped envelope. The case study was conducted on building cost comparison of 1 unit 4-storey of school building project carried out by Public Works de partment, Malaysia, which uses conventional system and formwork system. Data gathered on building cost of building systems in Malaysia were processed and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure 1 shows building cost-saving in term of percentage. Forty tow percent of the respondents agreed that conventional construction method are more cost saving, 25% agreed that composite construction method are most cost saving, 21% agreed that formwork system are most cost saving. Last but not least only 12% agreed that prefabricated construction method are most cost saving. The previous study showed clearly the advantages of using formwork system (cast in-situ). These were speed, quality and economics [5]. However, the results of the analysis revealed that the conventional construction method is more cost saving compared to the IBS method. According to the reasons given by the respondents, the conventional system is more cost saving as compared to formwork system was because of better negotiations and chances to get the most competitive tender price appropriate to the developers budget. There is also flexibility in choosing alternative building materials at a lower cost. Therefore, building cost can be reduced. As for the IBS, there are limited to a few manufacturers or specialized contractors. This contributed to the higher cost of building due to higher licensing cost and they tend to be monopolized by the higher price of the building panel or other building components. Formwork System Case Study: The selected industrialized building system case study is based on formwork system. This system is suitable for a country where unskilled labor is limited. There is no heavy machinery or high technology involved. The system is technically applicable to almost all type of buildings. Formwork are used as a mould, where wet concrete, is poured into a temporary system. The temporary system also acts as a temporary support for the structures. This In-situ method is to eliminate and reduce the traditional site based trades like traditional timber formwork, brickwork, plastering and to reduce labor content. Carefully planned in-situ work can maximize the productivity, speed and accuracy of prefabricated construction [5]. The main objective of this case study is to study the cost comparison of school building cost of 1 unit 4-Storey (academic block) project carried out by Public Works Department, Malaysia, which uses conventional/traditional system and formwork sy stem. The conventional and formwork system building cost is based on analysis of the Elemental Cost Analysis (ECA) form. The formwork system is based on the combination of pre-fabrication and in-situ conventional construction, which features the utilization of permanent concrete for elements instead of conventional timber formwork. Building Cost Information: The main objective of this case study is to study the cost comparison of 4-storey school buildings, which used conventional/traditional system and formwork system. The conventional system building and the formwork system cost is based on elemental cost analysis form from the Public Work Department, Malaysia [14]. Cost Comparison: Table 1 shows the mean difference between 1 unit four storey school building of conventional and formwork system for 20 numbers of data. The mean cost of conventional system is RM 432 per square meter whereby the formwork system is RM 544 per square meter. The difference is RM112 per square meter. Although the difference is RM112 per square meter the total of the square meter for 1 unit 4-storey school building is about 2000 square meter. This shows that there is a wide difference between IBS and Conventional. In laymans term the IBS is very expensive. For example, if the government wish to build 20 school building of the same IBS, this means the cost will be very high. Therefore, all efforts must be made to reduce this so as to ensure the future use of IBS method is feasible. The t-test analysis is a statistical analysis to test the difference between two variables. The purpose is to show the significance level of the building cost comparison between 1 unit four storey school buildings using conventional system and formwork system. The present study used a two-tailed test The underlying reason for application of the two-tailed test over onetailed test is to ensure that the result obtained is compatible. If only one-tailed test is used, then the result obtained might not be the same with that of a two-tailed test. If the result shows the difference between conventional and formwork system is not significant then, the study cannot conclude that formwork system is more expensive than conventional system. Perhaps, The formwork system is only expensive for certain numbers of buildings based on 20 numbers of data available. Table 2 shows the result of the t-test conducted using IBS (formwork system) and conventional methods. It has been found that there is a 0.000 (last column) or 100% confidence level. This therefore, confirms that cost of building using formwork system method is expensive compared to the conventional method. The mean difference is RM 112 per square meter shows that formwork system is more expensive compared to conventional system. The highest building cost difference per square meter is RM 149 and the lowest difference is RM 75 per square meter. This analysis, which was carried out was based on Elemental Cost Analysis Form (ECA) from Public Works Department, Malaysia shows 1 unit 4-storey school building cost using conventional system and formwork system. The cost provided uses the same type of contract. With reference to Table 1, the mean cost of conventional system is RM 432 per square meter, where as the formwork system is RM 544 per square meter. The difference is RM 112 per square meter from 20 numbers of data. The results showed that the difference is significant with a 100% confidence levels. Therefore, the conventional cost is cheaper, compared to formwork system. This finding is in coherence with the results already obtained in an earlier survey analysis. CONCLUSION According to the reasons given by the respondents, the conventional system is more cost saving as compared to formwork system (IBS) since it provides better negotiation chances so as to obtain the most competitive tender price appropriate to the developers budget. There is also flexibility in choosing alternative building materials at lower cost. Therefore, building cost can be reduced. As for the IBS, there are limited to a few manufacturers or specialized contractors. This contributes to the higher cost of building since a higher licensing cost is levied on the IBS panel and they tend to be monopolized by the higher price of the building panel or other building components. From the results of the case study, it can be concluded that the conventional construction system is more cost saving as compared to the formwork system (IBS). The case study results are also in coherence with the result from the survey analysis. Most of the organized body in the construction industry thought that the building cost of IBS is more cost saving compared to conventional system. However, the present study proved the results was opposite to what was thought earlier.

Comparing Portrayal of Women in One Hundred Years of Solitude and The House of the Spirits :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Portrayal of Women in One Hundred Years of Solitude and The House of the Spirits The portrayal of women in the novels One Hundred years of Solitude and The House of the Spirits differs greatly. In One Hundred Years of Solitude empowerment comes only through age, for instance Ursula Iguaran, the matriarch of the Buendia family and to some extent Macondo, or through strength of sexuality, for instance Pilara Tenera the 'sexual matriarch' of Macondo. This is in contrast with The House of the Spirits where empowerment comes also through force of conviction, as seen with Nivea, and also through commercial enterprise as seen with Transito Soto. These women represent Allende's own brand of feminism Furthermore those women who accept a traditional role of subservience and remain staunch in their conservatism are shown to finish their days alone and mostly forgotten as is seen with Ferula and Nana. As the novels were set in first half of the twentieth century in Latin America, the role of women in the social hierarchy of this backdrop is worthy of consideration. This was a patriarchal society where men of whatever age were always superior in standing to women. As a woman aged, her position in the social hierarchy would increase. Furthermore women had few career choices; all were linked to some form of domestic service whether solely as a wife and mother or as a nanny or a combination. Religion played a very important role in this predominantly catholic area. The role of women as portrayed by the church was somewhat of a paradox, simultaneously acknowledging and praising women for the gift of child bearing and yet depicting them as the root of all sin, as the temptress inducing thoughts of fornication as well as causing the original sin, that being Adam eating the fruit in the 'Garden of Eden'. Despite Marquez's well documented anticlericalism this idea in church ideology of the temptress is paralleled in One Hundred Years of Solitude albeit the figure of Eve in her roles is split between the matriarchs of Macondo namely Pilar Tenera and Ursula Iguaran. In the beginning of One hundred years of solitude: "The world was so recent that many things lacked names, and in order to indicate them it was necessary to